Cytokine and Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms as predisposition factors for polyposis rhinosinusitis
(a review of literature) 

Lyudmila A. Ashchina, Candidate of biological sciences, senior researcher of the central research laboratory, Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (8A Stasova street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: pushino2008@yandex.ru
Nadezhda I. Baranova, Doctor of biological sciences, professor, head of the central research laboratory, Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (8A Stasova street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: baranova.nadezhda.2014@mail.ru
Alla I. Kozina, Candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the sub-department of allergology and immunology, Penza Institute of Advanced Medical Studies – branch of the Federal State Government-financed Educational Establishment of Additional Professional Education “Russian Medical Academy of Life-long Professional Learning” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (8A Stasova street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: allek_@rambler.ru 

Polyposis rhinosinusitis (PRS) is a complex multifactorial disease. Genetic factors have been shown to predispose to the development of this pathology. Cytokines and disorders of Toll-like receptors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HRP. Therefore, the identification of polymorphic variants of immune system genes that can be predictors of the disease development risk is a promising direction. This paper analyzes scientific articles on the role of expression and gene polymorphism of the most important cytokines and Toll-like receptors in the association with the predisposition and the course of this pathology. It is believed that genetic markers of HRS are important in predicting the risk of disease development, its course and the effectiveness of the therapy. 

polyposis rhinosinusitis, molecular genetic markers, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, genes, polymophysis 

Ashchina L.A., Baranova N.I., Kozina A.I. Cytokine and Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms as predisposition factors for polyposis rhinosinusitis (a review of literature). Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskie nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2022;(3):142–155. (In Russ.). doi:10.21685/2072-3032-2022-3-13